“DARWINISME SOSIAL & WHITE MAN’S BURDEN: IDEOLOGI DAN MODERNITI PENJAJAHAN DI BORNEO UTARA: SOCIAL DARWINISM & THE WHITE MAN’S BURDEN: IDEOLOGY AND COLONIAL MODERNITY IN NORTH BORNEO” (2026) Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(1), pp. 536–550. doi:10.55197/qjssh.v7i1.1088.