HATE SPEECH RELATED TO 3R ISSUES IN SOCIAL MEDIA: ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v7i1.1093Keywords:
hate speech, 3R, directive speech acts, pragmatics, social mediaAbstract
Malaysia, which is called unique because it has a diversity of races and religions under the umbrella of the royal institution, is in fact facing a crisis due to the freedom to send hate speech on social media. The increasingly advanced world with the explosion of technology has caused hate speech related to the 3R issue to circulate on social media platforms without control. The language used is very sad and affects the harmony of society in this country. Hate speech is the act of belittling, insulting, discriminating or provoking something whether verbally, in writing or in other forms. This study was conducted to identify and analyse directive speech acts in social media related to the 3R issue, namely religion, race and royal institutions. Directive speech acts are speech that gives the effect of the action that will be taken by the listener due to the intention of the speaker. The theory of speech acts by Searl in 1969 and qualitative methods through the content analysis approach were utilized to make this study successful. Four social media platforms, namely Facebook, X Application, TikTok and Threads, which have become a trend in the social field of Malaysian society, were chosen as data search platforms by using certain keywords in the search field. Data is only focused from January 2025 to July 2025. The results of the study found that directive speech acts, especially the subcategories of requests, questions and advice, are more dominantly used in delivering hate speech. The function of directive speech acts in hate speech is clearly seen and can have a negative impact and become a cancer in the harmony of Malaysian society. The implication of this study is that it can provide exposure regarding hate speech from the perspective of language forms that should be avoided either by saying it or spreading it. In addition, this study can also contribute to the development of pragmatic knowledge of the Malay language.
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