STRUKTUR USAHAWAN BATIK MALAYSIA MENGIKUT KATEGORI MIKRO, KECIL DAN SEDERHANA: ANALISIS DESKRIPTIF DATA SEKUNDER
STRUCTURE OF MALAYSIAN BATIK ENTREPRENEURS BY MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE CATEGORIES: A DESCRIPTIVE SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v7i2.1094Keywords:
batik Malaysia, perusahaan mikro kecil sederhana, warisan budaya, industri kreatif, statistik deskriptifAbstract
Kajian ini menganalisis corak taburan dan perkembangan usahawan batik di Malaysia melalui data pendaftaran usahawan yang berdaftar dengan Perbadanan Kemajuan Kraftangan Malaysia (PKKM) bagi tahun 2020 hingga 2024. Kaedah analisis deskriptif digunakan melalui frekuensi, peratusan dan taburan mengikut negeri serta kategori perusahaan bagi menggambarkan profil industri batik semasa. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa seramai 748 usahawan batik berdaftar pada tahun 2020, terdiri daripada 716 usahawan mikro (95.7%) dan 32 usahawan kecil (4.3%), tanpa kehadiran kategori perusahaan sederhana. Negeri Kelantan mencatat jumlah tertinggi (n = 336), diikuti Terengganu (n = 129) dan Selangor (n = 84), menjadikan ketiga-tiganya sebagai wilayah tumpuan industri batik. Sehingga Ogos 2024, sebanyak 95 pertambahan pendaftaran direkodkan, menjadikan jumlah keseluruhan 843 usahawan berdaftar. Pertambahan ini tidak semestinya mencerminkan kemunculan usahawan baharu, sebaliknya melibatkan usahawan sedia ada yang baru mendaftar secara formal. Corak ini menunjukkan bahawa perkembangan industri batik dalam tempoh tersebut lebih bersifat pertumbuhan ke arah formalisasi perusahaan dan peluasan geografi, berbanding penskalaan kapasiti pengeluaran. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa industri batik Malaysia masih didominasi oleh perusahaan mikro yang bersifat artisanal dan berorientasikan warisan, serta memerlukan sokongan berstruktur untuk meningkatkan penskalaan industri, inovasi reka bentuk dan kelestarian jangka panjang selari dengan ekosistem ekonomi kreatif negara.
This study analyses the distribution patterns and development of batik entrepreneurs in Malaysia based on registration data recorded by the Malaysian Handicraft Development Corporation (PKKM) between 2020 and 2024. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed using frequency, percentage and spatial distribution by state and enterprise category to illustrate the current profile of the batik industry. Findings indicate that a total of 748 batik entrepreneurs were registered in 2020, consisting of 716 micro enterprises (95.7%) and 32 small enterprises (4.3%), with no medium enterprises recorded. Kelantan reported the highest number of entrepreneurs (n = 336), followed by Terengganu (n = 129) and Selangor (n = 84), identifying these three states as core batik production hubs. As of August 2024, an additional 95 registrations were recorded, bringing the total to 843 registered entrepreneurs. Notably, this increase does not necessarily reflect the emergence of new entrepreneurs, but rather the formal registration of existing operators. This pattern suggests that the growth observed during the period reflects a formalisation and geographical expansion of batik enterprises rather than scaling in production capacity. The study concludes that the Malaysian batik industry remains dominated by micro-scale, artisanal and heritage-oriented enterprises, and highlights the need for structured support to strengthen industry scaling, design innovation and long-term sustainability within the national creative economy ecosystem.
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