FLOOD RISK DETERMINANTS IN GIS-BASED STUDIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW USING AHP AND MCDA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v7i2.1127Keywords:
flood risk, GIS, AHP, systematic review, risk determinantsAbstract
This systematic review synthesizes flood risk determinants and methodological approaches in GIS-based studies, with emphasis on Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Guided by PRISMA principles, the review analyzed 22 peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025, retrieved from five major academic databases. The results indicate that GIS-integrated AHP and MCDA methods are the most commonly applied approaches in flood risk mapping, particularly in Asian regions, with a noticeable increase in publications after 2023. Physical factors such as elevation, slope, rainfall, and land use/land cover are consistently identified as key determinants of flood risk. However, social and economic variables remain underrepresented despite their importance in assessing vulnerability. Many studies also rely on static datasets, with limited consideration of temporal variability such as seasonal rainfall and land-use change. Key gaps identified include the need for improved model validation using historical flood records, integration of dynamic environmental variables, and more balanced incorporation of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability components. A conceptual framework is proposed to support future research in developing more accurate, context-specific, and integrated flood risk maps for disaster risk reduction, sustainable urban planning, and climate change adaptation.
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Copyright (c) 2026 MUHAMMAD FAWWAZ HAZIM ABDUL HALIM, LINDAH ROZIANI JAMRU, ADI JAFAR
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