KRITERIA KEPEMIMPINAN MENURUT HAMKA DALAM TAFSIR AL-AZHAR
LEADERSHIP CRITERIA ACCORDING TO HAMKA IN TAFSIR AL-AZHAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v7i3.1205Keywords:
kepemimpinan Islam, tafsir tahlili, kriteria pemimpin, bastatan fi al-'ilm, sakinahAbstract
Artikel ini mengkaji kriteria pemilihan pemimpin menurut Hamka melalui karya agungnya, Tafsir Al-Azhar. Fokus diberikan kepada huraian beliau terhadap Surah Al-Baqarah ayat 247 hingga 248. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah analisis teks dan analisis linguistik dengan berpandukan pendekatan tafsir tahlili. Melalui kaedah tersebut, kajian meneliti hujah-hujah Hamka yang menetapkan dua kriteria utama kepemimpinan. Kriteria pertama ialah keluasan ilmu pengetahuan (bastatan fi al-'ilm) dan kriteria kedua ialah kecergasan tubuh badan (bastatan fi al-jism). Kajian mendapati bahawa Hamka secara tegas menolak landasan keturunan dan kekayaan sebagai asas pelantikan pemimpin. Sebaliknya, beliau menekankan bahawa kompetensi intelektual dan keupayaan fizikal merupakan prasyarat yang dikehendaki oleh Islam. Analisis terhadap ayat 248 turut mendedahkan dimensi ketiga kepemimpinan. Dimensi ini merujuk kepada keupayaan pemimpin memberikan ketenangan rohani (sakinah) kepada pengikutnya, melangkaui sekadar kecekapan teknikal semata-mata. Penafsiran Hamka dibandingkan secara kritis dengan Ibnu Kathir, Sayyid Qutb dan Quraish Shihab bagi menampakkan keunikan dan sumbangan khas beliau. Kajian ini menyumbang secara signifikan kepada wacana akademik dalam bidang tafsir al-Quran dan kepemimpinan Islam, khususnya dalam konteks masyarakat Nusantara masa kini.
This article examines the criteria for leadership selection as presented by Hamka through his monumental Quranic exegesis, Tafsir Al-Azhar. The focus is specifically on his interpretation of Surah Al-Baqarah, verses 247 to 248. The study employs textual analysis and linguistic analysis, guided by the tahlili exegetical approach. Using these methods, the study examines Hamka's arguments establishing two primary leadership criteria. The first is breadth of knowledge (bastatan fi al-'ilm) and the second is physical capability (bastatan fi al-jism). The study finds that Hamka firmly rejects lineage and wealth as bases for leadership appointment. Instead, he emphasises that intellectual competence and physical capability are prerequisites demanded by Islam. Analysis of verse 248 further reveals a third dimension of leadership. This dimension refers to the capacity of a leader to instil spiritual tranquillity (sakinah) among those led, transcending mere technical competence. Hamka's interpretation is critically compared with Ibn Kathir, Sayyid Qutb and Quraish Shihab to highlight its unique contributions. This study contributes to scholarly discourse in the fields of Quranic exegesis and Islamic leadership studies, particularly within the contemporary Nusantara context.
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