TRANSLATION AS AN INSTRUMENT OF CULTURAL DOCUMENTATION: THE CASE OF MAKYUNG

Abstract

Translation is increasingly recognized as a vital instrument of cultural documentation, particularly for intangible heritage that risks being underdocumented or confined to local contexts. This study focuses on Makyung: The Mystical Heritage of Malaysia as a case study to explore how translation preserves and disseminates cultural knowledge. Three objectives guide the analysis: (i) to identify categories of cultural elements present in the source text, (ii) to examine the translation procedures employed in the target text, and (iii) to evaluate the broader role of translation in cultural preservation and documentation. Based on Newmark study on cultural categories, which are ecology, material culture, social culture, organisations and customs, and gestures and habits, the study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach. Findings reveal that cultural elements are retained through procedures such as transference, literal translation, and descriptive equivalence, supported by a strategic balance of domestication and foreignisation. These strategies ensure cultural authenticity while enhancing accessibility for international readers. Paratextual features, including illustrations, captions, and media excerpts, further enrich comprehension by situating the text within its cultural context. Overall, the study demonstrates that translation extends beyond linguistic substitution, functioning as a bridge for documenting intangible heritage and introducing Malay cultural traditions, such as Makyung, to global audiences.