ANALISIS TINJAUAN LITERATUR SISTEMATIK TEORI NILAI AKAL BUDI DALAM KAJIAN SASTERA
A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF CULTURAL VALUE ORIENTATION THEORY IN LITERARY STUDIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v7i4.1278Keywords:
tinjauan literatur sistematik, akal budi, teori orientasi nilai, nilai budaya, karya sasteraAbstract
Kajian berkaitan akal budi dalam karya sastera memperlihatkan perbincangan yang pelbagai dari sudut istilah, teori, kaedah dan bahan kajian. Kepelbagaian ini menunjukkan bahawa kajian lepas perlu disusun semula secara sistematik supaya pola kaedah, kerangka analisis dan kelompangan kajian dapat dikenal pasti dengan lebih jelas. Penulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis kaedah atau pendekatan yang digunakan oleh pengkaji terdahulu dalam meneliti nilai akal budi, serta meneliti teori dan kerangka analisis yang digunakan di samping merumuskan kelompangan penyelidikan yang masih wujud. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah tinjauan literatur sistematik melalui analisis dokumen. Carian kajian lepas dilakukan melalui Google Scholar dan Mendeley berdasarkan kata kunci seperti “akal budi”, “nilai budaya”, “teori orientasi nilai”, “cultural value”, “literary works” dan “Kluckhohn”. Sebanyak sembilan kajian teras antara tahun 2018 hingga 2021 dikenal pasti berdasarkan kriteria pemilihan yang telah ditetapkan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa kebanyakan kajian terdahulu menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, analisis deskriptif, analisis dokumen dan analisis kandungan. Dari sudut teori, kajian terdahulu memanfaatkan Teori Orientasi Nilai Kluckhohn dan Strodtbeck, sistem normatif, konsep budaya Islam dan beberapa kerangka budaya lain. Walau bagaimanapun, masih terdapat kelompangan dari aspek takrif operasi, prosedur analisis dan bahan kajian, khususnya teks agama seperti kisah dalam al-Quran yang belum banyak dianalisis secara sistematik dari perspektif orientasi nilai akal budi.
Studies on cultural values in literary works show diverse discussions in terms of terminology, theory, method and research materials. Such diversity indicates the need to reorganise previous studies systematically so that the patterns of method, analytical framework and research gaps can be identified more clearly. This paper aims to analyse the methods or approaches used by previous researchers in examining cultural values, and to examine the theories and analytical frameworks employed while formulating the remaining research gaps. This study applies a systematic literature review method through document analysis. Previous studies were searched through Google Scholar and Mendeley using keywords such as “akal budi”, “nilai budaya”, “teori orientasi nilai”, “cultural value”, “literary works” and “Kluckhohn”. A total of nine core studies published between 2018 and 2021 were identified based on predetermined selection criteria. The findings show that most previous studies employed qualitative approaches, descriptive analysis, document analysis and content analysis. In terms of theory, previous studies utilised Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Value Orientation Theory, normative systems, Islamic cultural concepts and other cultural frameworks. Nevertheless, gaps remain in terms of operational definitions, analytical procedures and research materials, particularly religious texts such as Qur’anic narratives, which have not been widely analysed systematically from the perspective of cultural value orientation.
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