TINJAUAN SISTEMATIK APLIKASI CHATGPT DALAM ANALISIS RETORIK ARAB
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF CHATGPT APPLICATIONS IN ARABIC RHETORICAL ANALYSIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v7i4.1348Keywords:
kecerdasan buatan, ChatGPT, retorik Arab, balaghah, analisis teks Arab, tinjauan sistematikAbstract
Kajian tinjauan sistematik ini meneliti aplikasi ChatGPT dalam analisis retorik Arab khususnya dari aspek kemampuan model bahasa besar ini mengenal pasti, mentafsir dan menghuraikan unsur-unsur retotik dalam teks Arab. Perkembangan model bahasa besar (Large Language Model) telah membuka ruang baharu dalam penyelidikan bahasa Arab termasuk analisis nahu, semantik, terjemahan, ringkasan teks, pengecaman gaya bahasa dan pentafsiran unsur retorik. Namun begitu, keupayaan ChatGPT dalam memahami teks Arab masih berhadapan dengan cabaran seperti kerumitan morfologi, variasi dialek, ketiadaan baris, konteks budaya, makna tersirat dan kehalusan disiplin balaghah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan sistematik berpandukan PRISMA 2020 bagi mengenal pasti trend, kaedah, dapatan dan jurang kajian berkaitan aplikasi ChatGPT dalam analisis retorik Arab. Selepas saringan dan semakan teks penuh, sebanyak 17 artikel dimasukkan dalam sintesis akhir. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahawa ChatGPT berpotensi membantu proses analisis teks Arab melalui penjanaan tafsiran awal, pengenalpastian struktur linguistik, cadangan terjemahan dan huraian retorik. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian-kajian terdahulu turut menunjukkan bahawa model ini masih lemah dalam aspek ketepatan istilah klasik, pengesanan unsur retorik yang halus, huraian konteks syair Arab dan kawalan halusinasi. Oleh itu, kajian ini mencadangkan model penggunaan ChatGPT secara bersyarat iaitu sebagai alat sokongan analisis awal yang perlu disahkan oleh pakar bahasa Arab dan sumber turath. Kajian masa hadapan perlu membangunkan instrumen penilaian yang lebih khusus untuk mengukur ketepatan ChatGPT dalam bidang retorik Arab khususnya tashbih, isti'arah, kinayah dan fungsi retorik dalam teks klasik.
This systematic review examines the application of ChatGPT in Arabic rhetorical analysis, particularly its ability to identify, interpret and explain rhetorical elements in Arabic texts. The development of large language models (LLMs) has opened new opportunities in Arabic language research, including grammatical analysis, semantics, translation, text summarisation, stylistic identification and the interpretation of rhetorical features. Nevertheless, ChatGPT’s ability to understand Arabic texts continues to face several challenges, including morphological complexity, dialectal variation, the absence of diacritical marks, cultural context, implicit meanings and the subtleties of balaghah as a rhetorical discipline. This study adopts a systematic review approach guided by PRISMA 2020 to identify trends, methods, findings and research gaps related to the application of ChatGPT in Arabic rhetorical analysis. Following the screening process and full-text review, 17 articles were included in the final synthesis. The findings indicate that ChatGPT has the potential to support Arabic text analysis through the generation of preliminary interpretations, identification of linguistic structures, translation suggestions and rhetorical explanations. However, previous studies also indicate that the model remains limited in terms of the accurate use of classical terminology, detection of subtle rhetorical devices, interpretation of the context of Arabic poetry and control of hallucinated information. Therefore, this review proposes a conditional model of ChatGPT use, whereby it should function as a supporting tool for preliminary analysis that must subsequently be verified by Arabic language experts and classical turath sources. Future studies should develop more specialised assessment instruments to evaluate the accuracy of ChatGPT in Arabic rhetoric, particularly in relation to tashbih, isti‘arah, kinayah, and rhetorical functions in classical texts.
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