SOCIAL ANXIETY EXPLORATION THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA EXPOSURE: A THEORETICAL EXPLORATION OF TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v7i1.657Keywords:
perceived ease of use, social influence, perceived usefulness, social media, social anxietyAbstract
This conceptual paper explores the relationship between social media exposure and social anxiety among Malaysian university students through the lens of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Thus, TAM has been widely applied to understand technology adoption across various contexts, including education. This study examines how key TAM constructs Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Social Influence (SI), and Trust shape students’ engagement with social media and its potential impact on their academic performance, social interactions, and psychological well-being, particularly social anxiety. While social media serves as a tool for communication, learning, and networking, its excessive use may contribute to anxiety, digital stress, and feelings of social isolation. Furthermore, this paper highlights challenges associated with social media adoption, such as privacy concerns, digital distractions, and the psychological implications of prolonged exposure. By analyzing these factors, this study offers insights into how universities and policymakers can promote a balanced approach to social media use, ensuring that students harness its benefits while mitigating its negative effects. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on technology acceptance, digital well-being, and mental health in higher education in Malaysia.
References
[1] Adesunloye, D., Arowosafe, F. (2022): Evaluation of tourists’ satisfaction with ecotourism services in six ecotourism destination in southwest, Nigeria. – Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 26(12): 2005-2013.
[2] Ajzen, I., Fishbein, M. (1980): Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. – Prentice-Hall 278p.
[3] Alalwan, N. (2022): Actual use of social media for engagement to enhance students' learning. – Education and Information Technologies 27(7): 9767-9789.
[4] Ali, I., Warraich, N.F. (2024): Meta-analysis of technology acceptance for mobile and digital libraries in academic settings using technology acceptance model (TAM). – Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication 18p.
[5] Alodat, A.M., Al-Qora’n, L.F., Abu Hamoud, M. (2023): Social Media Platforms and Political Participation: A Study of Jordanian Youth Engagement. – Social Sciences 12(7): 18p.
[6] Al-Quran, M.W.M. (2022): Traditional media versus social media: challenges and opportunities. – Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 4(10): 145-160.
[7] Al-Rahmi, A.M., Shamsuddin, A., Wahab, E., Al-Rahmi, W.M., Alismaiel, O.A., Crawford, J. (2022): Social media usage and acceptance in higher education: A structural equation model. – In Frontiers in Education, Frontiers Media SA 7: 14p.
[8] Alwuqaysi, B., Abdul-Rahman, A., Borgo, R. (2024): The impact of social media use on mental health and family functioning within web-based communities in Saudi Arabia: Ethnographic correlational study. – JMIR Formative Research 8(1): 15p.
[9] Alzaidi, M.S., Agag, G. (2022): The role of trust and privacy concerns in using social media for e-retail services: The moderating role of COVID-19. – Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 68: 13p.
[10] Anthonysamy, L. (2020): Digital literacy deficiencies in digital learning among undergraduates. – In Understanding Digital Industry, Routledge 4p.
[11] Arifin, S., Kamaruddin, S.H., Azlan, S.C., Nawi, R.M., Arifin, J., Muhammad, H. (2023): The Prevalence of Internet Addiction among University Students in Malaysia. – International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences 13(11): 378-388.
[12] Badr, A.M., Al-Abdi, B.S., Rfeqallah, M., Kasim, R., Ali, F.A. (2024): Information quality and students’ academic performance: the mediating roles of perceived usefulness, entertainment and social media usage. – Smart Learning Environments 11(1): 20p.
[13] Baruah, A. (2024): The Impact of Computer-Mediated Communication on Relationships and Social Interactions. – International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 7p.
[14] Barz, N., Benick, M., Dörrenbächer-Ulrich, L., Perels, F. (2024): Students’ acceptance of e-learning: Extending the technology acceptance model with self-regulated learning and affinity for technology. – Discover Education 3(1): 19p.
[15] Bećirović, S. (2023): Challenges and Barriers for Effective Integration of Technologies into Teaching and Learning. In: Digital Pedagogy. Springer Briefs in Education. – Springer, Singapore 10p.
[16] Belay, E. (2020): Challenges of Large-ScaleSoftware Testing and the Role of Quality Characteristics: Empirical Study. – International Journal of Technology and Systems (IJTS) 8(3): 11p.
[17] Boruzie, P.K., Kolog, E.A., Afful-Dazie, E., Egala, S.B. (2024): Social network for collaborative learning: what is the determining factors? – Universal Access in the Information Society 23(3): 1015-1029.
[18] Brailovskaia, J. (2024): The “Vicious Circle of addictive Social Media Use and Mental Health” Model. – Acta Psychologica 247: 15p.
[19] Brussee, S. (2024): Exploring the Impact of Computer-mediated Communication Modes on Communication Quality and the Role of Social Anxiety as a Moderator. – Tilburg University 58p.
[20] Burnell, K., Fox, K.A., Maheux, A.J., Prinstein, M.J. (2024): Social media use and mental health: a review of the experimental literature and implications for clinicians. – Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry 11(1): 1-16.
[21] Cao, X., Luo, Z., Hu, J. (2024): How social media trust and ostracism affect tourist self-disclosure on SNSs? The perspective of privacy management strategy. – Current Issues in Tourism 27(13): 2083-2100.
[22] Cheng, L., Fang, G., Zhang, X., Lv, Y., Liu, L. (2024): Impact of social media use on critical thinking ability of university students. – Library Hi Tech 42(2): 642-669.
[23] Chowdhury, E.K. (2025): Examining the benefits and drawbacks of social media usage on academic performance: a study among university students in Bangladesh. – Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning 18(2): 395-411.
[24] Christanti, M.F., Mawangir, M., Arevin, A.T., Ramadhan, I., Limijadi, E.K.S. (2024): The digital divide in education: Bridging gaps in the era of online learning. – Migration Letters 21(S4): 1070-1079.
[25] Dalle, J., Aydin, H., Wang, C.X. (2024): Cultural Dimensions of Technology Acceptance and Adaptation in Learning Environments. – Journal of Formative Design in Learning 8(2): 99-112.
[26] Davis, F.D. (1989): Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. – MIS Quarterly 13(3): 319-340.
[27] Davis, F.D., Granić, A., Marangunić, N. (2023): The technology acceptance model 30 years of TAM. – Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG 34p.
[28] De Ponti, N., Matbouriahi, M., Franco, P., Harrer, M., Miguel, C., Papola, D., Karyotaki, E. (2024): The efficacy of psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder, a systematic review and meta-analysis. – Journal of Anxiety Disorders 104: 14p.
[29] Devisakti, A., Muftahu, M., Xiaoling, H. (2023): Digital divide among B40 students in Malaysian higher education institutions. – Education and Information Technologies 29: 1857-1883.
[30] Dewitz, L. (2024): Information Needs of and Information Sources Used by Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder. – In International Conference on Information, Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland 19p.
[31] Emeka, P.E., Okoza, J., Ukhurebor, K.E., Onwodi, G.O., Bayonle, F., Nyagblordjro, J. (2023): The impact of internetuse on tertiary institution students’ academic performance: An exploratory study. – Cypriot Journal of Educational Science 18(1): 253-267.
[32] Fauzi, M.A., Mohamad, F., Abdul Wahab, N. (2024): Knowledge sharing via social media in higher education: a bibliometric analysis. – Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education 16(5): 1420-1437.
[33] Fehm, L., Beesdo, K., Jacobi, F., Fiedler, A. (2022): Social anxiety disorder in the general population: Prevalence, impact, and treatment. – Journal of Anxiety Disorders 52: 50-57.
[34] Feng, T., Wang, B., Mi, M., Ren, L., Wu, L., Wang, H., Wang, X. (2025): The relationships between mental health and social media addiction, and between academic burnout and social media addiction among Chinese college students: A network analysis. – Heliyon 11(3): 13p.
[35] Fouad, N.S. (2021): Securing higher education against cyberthreats: from an institutional risk to a national policy challenge. – Journal of Cyber Policy 6(2): 137-154.
[36] Fraccastoro, S., Gabrielsson, M., Pullins, E.B. (2021): The integrated use of social media, digital, and traditional communication tools in the B2B sales process of international SMEs. – International Business Review 30(4): 15p.
[37] Gabriel, J.R., Park, M.C.C. (2024): Unraveling the Relationship of Perceived Usefulness and Ease of Use on Consumer Attitudes towards Social Networking Sites for Tourist Destination Selection. – International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies IRJEMS 3(3): 207-214.
[38] Galani, S.V., Anagnoste, S. (2024): Measure of Network Effect on Social Media Platforms. – In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, Sciendo 18(1): 3759-3773.
[39] Godard, R., Holtzman, S. (2024): Are active and passive social media use related to mental health, wellbeing, and social support outcomes? A meta-analysis of 141 studies. – Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 29(1): 14p.
[40] Gruzd, A., Soares, F.B., Mai, P. (2023): Trust and Safety on social media: Understanding the Impact of Anti-Social Behavior and Misinformation on Content Moderation and Platform Governance. – Social Media + Society 9(3): 6p.
[41] Hamid, H., Abdullah, S.H. (2024): Challenges of Digital Literacy among Urban and Rural Pre-University Students. – In Third International Conference on Communication, Language, Literature, and Culture (ICCoLliC 2024), Atlantis Press 15p.
[42] Hass, D., Hass, A., Joseph, M. (2023): Emergency online learning & the digital divide: An exploratory study of the effects of covid-19 on minority students. – Marketing Education Review 33(1): 22-37.
[43] Hong, N. (2022): Digital‐Media‐Based Interaction and Dissemination of Traditional Culture Integrating Using Social Media Data Analytics. – Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 11p.
[44] Huang, L., Yang, F., Wu, W. (2024): Adult attachment, social anxiety, and problematic social media use: A meta-analysis and meta-analytic structural equation model. – Addictive Behaviors 160: 9p.
[45] Hunt, D., Krishnan, A. (2021): Disentangling the role of social networking attitudes and use on emotional well-being. – Journal of Communication Technology 4(3): 1-24.
[46] Ibrahim, T.A., Jibia, S.A. (2024): Utilizing Technology for Education: Exploring Innovative Ways in Education to Bridge the Digital Divide in Underserved Communities. – International Journal of Library Science and Educational Research 14(2): 30-45.
[47] Isah, N.F.A.M. (2024): The Relationship Between Social Media Usage Among Students of Universiti Malaysia Sabah Towards Anxiety and Depression. – Jurnal Psychology dan Kesihatan Sosial 8(1): 19-37.
[48] Ismail, N.Q.A., Azmi, N.S. (2024): The Impact of social media, Familial Issues, and Academic Performance on Students' Mental Health. – Journal of Communication in Scientific Inquiry (JCSI) 6(2): 59-69.
[49] Jefferies, P., Ungar, M. (2020): Social anxiety in young people: A review of prevention and intervention strategies. – Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 23(1): 35-51.
[50] Jo, H. (2022): Antecedents of continuance intention of social networking services (SNS): utilitarian, hedonic, and social contexts. – Mobile Information Systems 14p.
[51] Jones, C.N., Rudaizky, D., Mahalingham, T., Clarke, P.J. (2024): Investigating the links between objective social media use, attentional control, and psychological distress. – Social Science & Medicine 361: 9p.
[52] Joorabchi, T.N., Sani, L.D., Qohroudi, M.Q. (2024): Compulsive Internet usage and social isolation among university students in Malaysia: Internet abuse. – Mediterranean Journal of Social & Behavioral Research 8(1): 13-21.
[53] Jun, L.Y., Othman, W.N.W., Nor, Z., Zainudin, Y.M.Y. (2023): Loneliness and Social Anxiety Predicting Smartphone Addiction among Undergraduates in A Malaysian Public University. – International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 13(12): 4972-4975.
[54] Karsodikromo, Y., Husin, M.R., Razali, A.R. (2022): Implications of Cyber Bullying, Depression, Anxiety and Stress on Student Academic Achievement. – Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (JHASS) 4(3): 129-139.
[55] Khan, S. (2024): Mapping the Digital Divide: Bridging Inequalities in Access to Information and Technology. – Policy Journal of Social Science Review 2(02): 48-55.
[56] Khraim, H.S. (2020): Factors Affecting UAE Consumers’ Attitudes Towards Using Social Networking Sites in Hotel Selection. – Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research 3(66): 19-28.
[57] Koh, G.K., Ow Yong, J.Q.Y., Lee, A.R.Y.B., Ong, B.S.Y., Yau, C.E., Ho, C.S.H., Goh, Y.S. (2024): Social media use and its impact on adults' mental health and well‐being: A scoping review. – Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing 21(4): 345-394.
[58] Ladrón de Guevara Rodríguez, M., Lopez-Agudo, L.A., Prieto-Latorre, C., Marcenaro-Gutierrez, O.D. (2022): Internet use and academic performance: An interval approach. – Education and Information Technologies 27(8): 11831-11873.
[59] Lei, H., Xiong, Y., Chiu, M., Zhang, J., Cai, Z. (2021): The relationship between ICT literacy and academic achievement among students: A meta-analysis. – Children and Youth Services Review 127: 11p.
[60] Li, J., Xiao, W., Zhang, C. (2023): Data security crisis in universities: identification of key factors affecting data breach incidents. – Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 10: 18p.
[61] Li, Q., Liu, L., Turel, O. (2024): Uncovering the Ripple Effect of Cyberbullying Victimisation on social media. – ICIS 2024 Proceedings 18p.
[62] Licong, H., Ghosh, A. (2023): Effect of Combined Use of social media, Digital, and Traditional Communication Tools in the Business-to-Business Sales Process of Multinational Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). – Advancement in Management and Technology (AMT) 3(4): 10-18.
[63] Lumare, N., Muradyan, L., Jansberg, C. (2024): Behind the screen: the relationship between privacy concerns and social media usage. – Journal of Marketing Communications 16p.
[64] Martín-García, A.V., Redolat, R., Pinazo-Hernandis, S. (2022): Factors Influencing Intention to Technological Use in Older Adults. The TAM Model Application. – Research on Aging 44(7-8): 573-588.
[65] Mastam, N.M., Mokhtar, K., Zaharudin, R. (2024): Bridging the digital divide in Malaysia: Enhancing digital literacy for inclusive students in educational systems. – Asia Pacific Journal of Youth Studies (APJYS) 15(2): 111-131.
[66] Medjanova, G., Atayeva, J. (2024): The Evolution of Digital Journalism: Exploring the Transition from Traditional Print Media to Digital Platforms and Its Impact on News Consumption. – Инновационная наука 2p.
[67] Muftah, M. (2024): Impact of social media on learning English language during the COVID-19 pandemic. – PSU Research Review 8(1): 211-226.
[68] Ndibalema, P. (2025): Digital literacy gaps in promoting 21st century skills among students in higher education institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. – Cogent Education 12(1): 15p.
[69] Nik Jaafar, N.R., Bahar, N., Ibrahim, N., Baharudin, A., Wan Ismail, W.S., Sim, S.T., Abdul Aziz, M., Tan, K.A. (2021): Are Malaysian Youths Overdependent on the Internet? A Narrative Review. – Frontiers in Psychiatry 12: 7p.
[70] Nneji, C.C., Urenyere, R., Ukhurebor, K.E., Ajibola, S., Onaseso, O.O. (2022): The impacts of COVID-19-induced online lectures on the teaching and learning process: An inquiring study of Junior Secondary Schools in Orlu, Nigeria. – Frontiers in Public Health 10: 11p.
[71] Ntorukiri, T.B., Kirugua, J.M., Kirimi, F. (2022): Policy and infrastructure challenges influencing ICT implementation in universities: a literature review. – Discover Education 1(1): 12p.
[72] Nygaard, M.A., Ormiston, H.E. (2024): An exploratory study examining student social, academic, and emotional behavior across school transitions. – School Psychology Review 53(3): 310-323.
[73] Oliveira, R.D.C., Baldam, E.C.G.D.R., Costa, F.R.D., Pelissari, A.S. (2020): The effect of perceived usefulness of online reviews on hotel booking intentions. – Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo 14: 30-45.
[74] Orben, A., Meier, A., Dalgleish, T., Blakemore, S.J. (2024): Mechanisms linking social media use to adolescent mental health vulnerability. – Nature Reviews Psychology 3(6): 407-423.
[75] Owunna, R., Ajobi, A.O., Adanna, A.A., Emmanuel, F.O. (2022): The Relationship Between Social Network Sites and Social Anxiety Among Universiti Putra Malaysia Undergraduate Students. – Paedagogia: Jurnal Pendidikan 11(1): 99-108.
[76] Ozili, P.K. (2025): Technology impact model: a transition from the technology acceptance model. – AI & SOCIETY 40(2): 1-3.
[77] Paiman, N., Fauzi, M.A. (2023): Exploring determinants of social media addiction in higher education through the integrated lenses of technology acceptance model (TAM) and usage habit. – Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education 16(3): 776-803.
[78] Peikos, G., Sofianidis, A. (2024): What is the future of augmented reality in science teaching and learning? an exploratory study on primary and pre-school teacher students’ views. – Education Sciences 14(5): 18p.
[79] Perera, H., Silva, M., Ranasingha, T. (2022): The effect of tourist motivational factors on tourist destination image. – Wayamba Journal of Management 13(1): 46-69.
[80] Pérez-Escoda, A., Martínez-Otón, L., Frrnández, E.O., Pedrero-Esteban, L.M. (2024): Social Media as Learning Enviroments: University Students Perceptions. – In 2024 International Symposium on Computers in Education (SIIE), IEEE 6p.
[81] Phang Ing, G., Ming, T. (2018): Antecedents of consumer attitude towards blogger recommendations and its impact on purchase intention. – Asian Journal of Business and Accounting 11(1): 292-323
[82] Pierce, T. (2021): Social media use and social anxiety symptoms in adolescents: A longitudinal study. – Journal of Adolescent Health 68(3): 450-457.
[83] Rahim, N.A.A., Shuhidan, S.M., Husaini, H., Khadijah, U.L.S., Bidin, M.A.F. (2023): The Relationship between Digital Literacy Skills, Learning Instruments, Culture and Student Motivation among Indigenous Students in Malaysia. – International Journal of Information & Knowledge Management 13(2): 11p.
[84] Rahman, A., Wahab, S. (2023): Academic Pressure and Social Anxiety Among Malaysian University Students: The Mediating Role of Social Media Comparison. – Journal of Affective Disorders 295: 498-504.
[85] Rahman, S.U., Arshid, N., Ayaz, Z.A., Watara, S., Iqbal, M.W., Ahmad, S.Z., Ali, R. (2024): Failures and Repairs: An Examination of Software System Failure. – Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE) 13(1): 465-474.
[86] Sala, A., Porcaro, L., Gómez, E. (2024): Social media use and adolescents' mental health and well-being: an umbrella review. – Computers in Human Behavior Reports 14: 15p.
[87] Salari, N., Heidarian, P., Hassanabadi, M., Babajani, F., Abdoli, N., Aminian, M., Mohammadi, M. (2024): Global prevalence of social anxiety disorder in children, adolescents and youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. – Journal of Prevention 45(5): 795-813.
[88] Samsudin, N., Chan, N.N., Salarzadeh-Jenatabadi, H. (2024): The impact of cyberbullying on loneliness and well-being among Malaysian adolescents: The mediation role of psychological distress. – F1000Research 13: 18p.
[89] Saraih, U.N., Ismail, R.C., Jamarizan, A.H., Sultana, Y. (2024): Exploring the Impact of Technophilia, Technophobia, and Digital Literacy on Learning Adaptability Among Malaysian IT Students. – International Journal of Advanced Research in Technology and Innovation 6(3): 1-16.
[90] Schorr, A. (2023): The technology acceptance model (TAM) and its importance for digitalization research: a review. – Proceedings TecPsy 10p.
[91] Shehata, B., Tlili, A., Huang, R., Hodges, C.B., Kanwar, A. (2025): Implications and challenges of technology adoption in education: a 20-year analysis of horizon reports. – TechTrends 69(1): 162-175.
[92] Sivakumar, A., Jayasingh, S., Shaik, S. (2023): Social media influence on students’ knowledge sharing and learning: An empirical study. – Education Sciences 13(7): 16p.
[93] Spence, S.H., Rapee, R.M. (2016): The etiology of social anxiety disorder: An evidence-based model. – Behavior Research and Therapy 86: 50-67.
[94] Stein, M.B., Stein, D.J. (2020): Social anxiety disorder. – The Lancet 371(9618): 1115-1125.
[95] Su, N., Al Mamun, A., Reza, M.N.H., Yang, Q., Masud, M.M. (2024): Unveiling the nexus between quality and student engagement in web-based collaborative learning systems. – Education and Information Technologies 29(17): 23717-23752.
[96] Sun, L. (2023): Social media usage and students’ social anxiety, loneliness and well-being: does digital mindfulness-based intervention effectively work? – BMC Psychology 11(1): 12p.
[97] Sun, W., Chao, M. (2024): Exploring the influence of excessive social media use on academic performance through media multitasking and attention problems: a three-dimension usage perspective. – Education and Information Technologies 29(18): 23981-24003.
[98] Valkenburg, P.M., Peter, J. (2022): The differential susceptibility to media effects model: A theoretical update. – Journal of Communication 72(1): 25-46.
[99] Venkatesh, V., Bala, H. (2008): Technology acceptance model 3 and a research agenda on interventions. – Decision Sciences 39(2): 273-315.
[100] Venkatesh, V., Thong, J.Y.L., Xu, X. (2016): Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology: A synthesis and the road ahead. – Journal of the Association for Information Systems 17(5): 328-376.
[101] Wang, S., Bao, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, D. (2024): The impact of online learning engagement on college students’ academic performance: The serial mediating effect of inquiry learning and reflective learning. – Innovations in Education and Teaching International 61(6): 1416-1430.
[102] Wu, W., Huang, L., Yang, F. (2024): Social anxiety and problematic social media use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. – Addictive Behaviors 153: 10p.
[103] Xie, Z., Chiu, D.K., Ho, K.K. (2024): The role of social media as aids for accounting education and knowledge sharing: learning effectiveness and knowledge management perspectives in mainland China. – Journal of the Knowledge Economy 15(1): 2628-2655.
[104] Yan, M., Kwok, A., Chan, A., Zhuang, Y., Wen, K., Zhang, K. (2022): An empirical investigation of the impact of influencer live-streaming ads in ecommerce platforms on consumers’ buying impulse. – Internet Research 33(4): 1633-1663.
[105] Yu, D.J., Wing, Y.K., Li, T.M., Chan, N.Y. (2024): The impact of Social Media Use on Sleep and Mental Health in Youth: a scoping review. – Current Psychiatry Reports 26(3): 104-119.
[106] Yuan, D., Rahman, M.K., Akter, S. (2021): Analyzing of User Attitudes Towards Intention to Use social media for Learning. – Sage Open 11(4): 13p.
[107] Zahira, N., Kurniawati, K. (2022): Predict repurchase intention via e-satisfaction as a mediator against consumer attitudes in use of face recognition payment. – Journal of Digital Marketing and Halal Industry 4(1): 17-34.
[108] Zainal, A.Z., Zainuddin, S.Z. (2020): Technology Adoption in Malaysian Schools: An Analysis of National ICT in Education Policy Initiatives. – Digital Education Review 37: 172-194.
[109] Zeng, S., Li, Y., Zheng, C., Ren, X., Lu, Y., Wu, C. (2024): The effect of grandparental care on social networking sites addiction in college: mediated by social anxiety and loneliness. – BMC Psychology 12(1): 1-12.
[110] Zhao, W., Osman, M.N., Omar, S.Z., Yaakup, H.S. (2023): Effects of Social Networking Sites Usage on Chinese Students' Life Satisfaction in Malaysia: Cultural Identity as a Mediator. – Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities 31(3): 1317-1342.
[111] Zhao, Y. (2024): Exploring the Role of Social Media Platforms in Facilitating Collaborative Learning among EFL Students: A Case Study Approach in Vocational Colleges. – International Journal of Instructional Cases 8(1): 209-232.
[112] Zhu, C., Huang, S., Evans, R., Zhang, W. (2021): Cyberbullying Among Adolescents and Children: A Comprehensive Review of the Global Situation, Risk Factors, and Preventive Measures. – Frontiers in Public Health 9: 12p.
[113] Zulkifli N.F.N., Abidin, M.Z.Z. (2023): Exploring Social Media Addiction among Malaysian University Students. – In Forum Komunikasi 18(1): 120-146.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 ROYAL OWUNNA, ALICE OMOEFE AJOBI, OLUWAFEMI EMMANUEL FADERO; MAYOWA DAVID ADINLEWA; AKEGBEJO DAVID ADELEKE
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
