THE IMPACT OF MENTAL HEALTH CONTENT EXPOSURE ON INSTAGRAM FOLLOWERS’ SELF-DISCLOSURE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v6i5.672Keywords:
self-disclosure, social media engagement, mental health content exposure, instagram, S-O-R theoryAbstract
Mental health remains a taboo subject in many countries, including Indonesia, where stigma prevents individuals from seeking help. This negative perception often leads individuals with mental health issues to conceal their struggles, making self-disclosure a challenging decision. However, social media provides a platform for individuals to share personal experiences, emotions, and daily activities. This phenomenon is evident on Instagram, particularly on the @ibunda.id account, where users actively engage by commenting or seeking online consultations regarding their mental health. This study examines the influence of mental health content exposure on followers’ self-disclosure, utilizing the S-O-R theory. A quantitative approach was adopted, employing simple random sampling with 272 respondents. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of 65 questions across three sections based on the study variables. Findings indicate that the followers are predominantly young adults and that mental health content exposure positively influences their willingness to self-disclose. These results highlight the potential of social media as an effective tool in encouraging individuals to discuss their mental health openly.
References
[1] Ahad, A.A., Sanchez-Gonzalez, M., Junquera, P. (2023): Understanding and addressing mental health stigma across cultures for improving psychiatric care: A narrative review. – Cureus 15(5): 8p.
[2] AlKandari, A., Melkote, S., Sharif, A. (2016): Needs and motives of Instagram users that predict self-disclosure: A case study of young adults in Kuwait. – Journal of Creative Communications 11(1): 1-17.
[3] Arifin, F.N. (2015): Effectiveness of Instagram account @filmnasional on the fulfillment of followers’ information needs. – e-Proceedings 1p.
[4] Axén, I., Björk Brämberg, E., Vaez, M., Lundin, A., Bergström, G. (2020): Interventions for common mental disorders in the occupational health service: a systematic review with a narrative synthesis. – International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 93(7): 823-838.
[5] Corrigan, P.W. (2012): Where is the evidence supporting public service announcements to remove the stigma of mental illness? – Psychiatric Services 63(1): 79-82.
[6] Corrigan, P.W., Shapiro, J.R. (2010): Measuring the impact of programs that challenge community stigma on mental illness. – Clinical Psychology Review 30(8): 907-922.
[7] Cozby, P.C. (1973): Self-disclosure: A literature review. – Psychological Bulletin 79(2): 73-91.
[8] Creswell, J.W., Creswell, J.D. (2017): Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. – Sage Publications 270p.
[9] Daradjat, Z. (2002): Psikoterapi Islami. – Jakarta: Bulan Bintang 214p.
[10] Deska, D., Yuliana, R. (2018): Pengaruh konten dan gaya komunikasi di platform konsultasi berbasis online Ibunda.id terhadap brand awareness. – Wacana: Journal of Communication Studies 17(1): 29-38.
[11] De Graaf, R., Kessler, R.C., Fayyad, J., ten Have, M., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., Borges, G., Demyttenaere, K., Gasquet, I., de Girolamo, G., Haro, J.M., Jin, R., Karam, E.G., Ormel, J., Posada-Villa, J. (2008): The prevalence and effects of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the performance of workers: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative. – Occupational and Environmental Medicine 65(12): 835-842.
[12] Finkelstein, J., Lapshin, O. (2007): Reducing depression stigma using a web-based program. – International Journal of Medical Informatics 76(10): 726-734.
[13] Fisher, A.B. (2002): Communication theory. – Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya 468p.
[14] Gainau, M. (2009): Self-disclosure: A theoretical and empirical review of its determinants in the context of social phobia. – Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies 9(1): 1-19.
[15] Gautam, S., Jain, A., Chaudhary, J., Gautam, M., Gaur, M., Grover, S. (2024): Concept of mental health and mental well-being, its determinants and coping strategies. – Indian Journal of Psychiatry 66(Suppl 2): S231-S244.
[16] Gonsalves, P.P., Nair, R., Roy, M., Pal, S., Michelson, D. (2023): A systematic review and lived experience synthesis of self-disclosure as an active ingredient in interventions for adolescents and young adults with anxiety and depression. – Administration and Policy in Mental Health 50(3): 488-505.
[17] Goodwin, J., Saab, M.M., Dillon, C.B., Kilty, C., McCarthy, A., O'Brien, M., Philpott, L.F. (2021): The use of film-based interventions in adolescent mental health education: A systematic review. – Journal of Psychiatric Research 137: 158-172.
[18] Haas, S., Irr, M., Jennings, N., Wagner, L. (2011): Communicating thin: A grounded model of online negative enabling support groups in the pro-anorexia movement. – New Media & Society 13(1): 40-57.
[19] Han, M., Cha, R., Lee, H.A., Lee, S.E. (2017): Mental-illness stigma among Korean immigrants: Role of culture and destigmatization strategies. – Asian American Journal of Psychology 8(2): 134-141.
[20] Hartini, N., Fardana, N.A., Ariana, A.D., Wardana, N.D. (2018): Stigma toward people with mental health problems in Indonesia. – Psychology Research and Behavior Management 11: 535-541.
[21] Hu, Y., Manikonda, L., Kambhampati, S. (2014): What we Instagram: A first analysis of Instagram photo content and user types. – Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 8(1): 595-598.
[22] Joinson, A.N., Paine, C.B. (2012): Self-disclosure, privacy and the Internet. – Oxford Handbooks Online 15p.
[23] Joseph, S. (2011): What doesn’t kill us: The new psychology of posttraumatic growth. – New York: Basic Books/Hachette 288p.
[24] Kusyanti, A., Safitri, O. (2016): “How do I look”: Self-disclosure of Instagram users in Indonesia. – Journal of Education and Social Sciences 5(2): 242-247.
[25] Luo, M., Hancock, J.T. (2020): Self-disclosure and social media: Motivation, mechanisms and psychological well-being. – Current Opinion in Psychology 31: 110-115.
[26] McQuail, D. (1989): Teori komunikasi massa: Suatu pengantar. – Jakarta: Erlangga 416p.
[27] McKenna, K., Bargh, J. (2000): Plan 9 from cyberspace: The implications of the Internet for personality and social psychology. – Personality and Social Psychology Review 4(1): 57-75.
[28] Murray, J.P. (2008): Media violence: The effects are both real and strong. – American Behavioral Scientist 51(8): 1212-1230.
[29] Naslund, J.A., Bondre, A., Torous, J., Aschbrenner, K.A. (2020): Social media and mental health: benefits, risks, and opportunities for research and practice. – Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science 5(3): 245-257.
[30] Nguyen, T.H., Nguyen, T.H. (2012): Practicing scientific research skills and promoting students’ independence and creativity through project-based teaching in ecology. – Vietnam Journal of Education 2(300): 37-39.
[31] Notoatmodjo, S. (2018): Metodologi penelitian kesehatan. – Jakarta: Rineka Cipta 326p.
[32] Oexle, N., Ajdacic-Gross, V., Kilian, R., Müller, M., Rodgers, S., Xu, Z., Rössler, W., Rüsch, N. (2017): Mental illness stigma, secrecy and suicidal ideation. – Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 26(1): 53-60.
[33] Peter, J., Valkenburg, P.M. (2006): Adolescents' exposure to sexually explicit material on the Internet. – Communication Research 33(2): 178-204.
[34] Ramayulis (2002): Pengantar psikologi Islam. – Jakarta: Kalam Mulia 248p.
[35] Ran, M.S., Zhang, T.M., Wong, I.Y.L., Yang, X., Liu, C.C., Liu, B., Luo, W., Kuang, W.H., Thornicroft, G., Chan, C.L.W., CMHP Study Group (2018): Internalized stigma in people with severe mental illness in rural China. – International Journal of Social Psychiatry 64(1): 9-16.
[36] Robson, C., McCartan, K. (2016): Real-world research. – Chichester: Wiley 560p.
[37] Rotenberg, K., Kmill, J. (1992): Perception of lonely and non-lonely persons as a function of individual differences in loneliness. – Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 9(2): 325-340.
[38] Robinson, S.C. (2017): Self-disclosure and managing privacy: Implications for interpersonal and online communication for consumers and marketers. – Journal of Internet Commerce 16(4): 385-404.
[39] Ruiter, R.A.C., Abraham, C., Kok, G. (2001): Scary warnings and rational precautions: A review of the psychology of fear appeals. – Psychology and Health 16(6): 613-630.
[40] Sanders, M.R., Markie-Dadds, C., Tully, L.A., Bor, W. (2000): The Triple P–Positive Parenting Program: A comparison of enhanced, standard, and self-directed behavioral family interventions for parents of children with early-onset conduct problems. – Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 68(4): 624-640.
[41] Santrock, J.W. (2011): Life-span development. – Jakarta: Erlangga 643p.
[42] Schouten, A.P., Valkenburg, P.M., Peter, J. (2007): Precursors and underlying processes of adolescents' online self-disclosure: Developing and testing an “Internet-attribute-perception” model. – Media Psychology 10(2): 292-315.
[43] Short, J., Williams, E., Christie, B. (1976): The social psychology of telecommunications. – London: John Wiley & Sons 195p.
[44] Smit, B., Wandel, J. (2006): Adaptation, adaptive capacity and vulnerability. – Global Environmental Change 16(3): 282-292.
[45] Singhal, A., Cody, M.J., Rogers, E.M., Sabido, M. (2004): Entertainment-education and social change: History, research, and practice. – Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum 482p.
[46] Sproull, L., Kiesler, S. (1986): Reducing social context cues: Electronic mail in organizational communication. – Management Science 32(11): 1492-1512.
[47] Subu, M.A., Wati, D.F., Netrida, N., Priscilla, V., Dias, J.M., Abraham, M.S., Slewa-Younan, S., Al-Yateem, N. (2021): Types of stigma experienced by patients with mental illness and mental health nurses in Indonesia: a qualitative content analysis. – International Journal of Mental Health Systems 15(1): 12p.
[48] Sugiyono (2017): Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. – Bandung: Alfabeta 346p.
[49] Twardzicki, M. (2008): Challenging stigma around mental illness and promoting social inclusion using the performing arts. – Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health 128(2): 68-72.
[50] Pavalanathan, U., De Choudhury, M. (2015): Identity management and mental health discourse on social media. – Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on the World Wide Web 7p.
[51] Usdin, S., Singhal, A., Shongwe, T., Goldstein, S., Shabala, A. (2004): No short cuts in entertainment-education: Designing Soul City step-by-step. – In A. Singhal, M. J. Cody, E. M. Rogers, & M. Sabido (eds.), Entertainment-education and social change: History, research, and practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 22p.
[52] Vijayakumar, N., Pfeifer, J. (2020): Self-disclosure during adolescence: Exploring the means, targets, and types of personal exchanges. – Current Opinion in Psychology 31: 135-140.
[53] Walther, J.B. (1996): Computer-mediated communication. – Communication Research 23(1): 3-43.
[54] Weidman, A.C., Fernandez, K.C., Levinson, C.A., Augustine, A.A., Larsen, R.J., Rodebaugh, T.L. (2012): Compensatory Internet use among individuals higher in social anxiety and its implications for well-being. – Personality and Individual Differences 53(3): 191-195.
[55] Yin, X.Q., Scherr, S., Jin, L., Gaskin, J., Wang, J.L. (2022): Impressions matter more than privacy: The moderating roles of affordances in the relation between social anxiety and online safety-seeking behaviors. – Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace 16(3): 19p.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 MOHD SHAHNAWI MUHMAD PIRUS, OKZA HENDRIAN WIJAYA, NURSYAMIMI HARUN
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
