APLIKASI GIS DAN REMOTE SENSING DALAM PENENTUAN HOTSPOT BANDAR DI KOTA KINABALU
GIS AND REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS TO DETERMINE URBAN HOTSPOTS IN KOTA KINABALU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v6i6.944Keywords:
pulau haba bandar, hotspot bandar, suhu permukaan, penderiaan jauh, GIS, landsat 8Abstract
Perkembangan pesat perbandaran di Kota Kinabalu telah mengubah landskap bandar dan menyebabkan peningkatan suhu permukaan akibat penggantian kawasan semula jadi kepada permukaan berturap serta binaan yang menyerap haba. Ini mewujudkan Fenomena Pulau Haba Bandar (UHI) dan kawasan dengan suhu ekstrem yang dikenali sebagai Hotspot Bandar (UHS). Namun, kajian berfokus kepada pengenalpastian UHS di Malaysia masih terhad menyebabkan jurang pengetahuan dalam pemantauan risiko haba bandar. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti taburan dan keluasan UHS di Kota Kinabalu menggunakan integrasi Sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS) dan penderiaan jauh melalui imej Landsat 8. Kaedah nilai ambang diaplikasikan terhadap data suhu permukaan (LST) dengan pengesahan silang bersama data ECOSTRESS bagi memastikan ketepatan analisis dengan RMSE 2.32°C. Dapatan menunjukkan julat LST antara 19°C hingga 34.8°C dengan nilai ambang ditetapkan pada >29.60°C. Hasilnya, sebanyak 4.40 km² (2.38%) daripada keseluruhan kawasan kajian dikenal pasti sebagai UHS terutamanya di kawasan perumahan dan komersial padat seperti Kolombong dan Luyang. Faktor utama pembentukan UHS termasuk bahan binaan beralbedo rendah, kekurangan vegetasi dan aktiviti antropogenik yang tinggi. Kajian ini mengesyorkan pelaksanaan langkah mitigasi seperti peningkatan kawasan hijau bandar, penggunaan bahan binaan reflektif serta reka bentuk bandar mesra haba bagi mengurangkan risiko kesan haba. Secara keseluruhannya, pendekatan integrasi GIS dan penderiaan jauh terbukti berkesan untuk pemantauan spatial suhu bandar tropika serta menyokong pembangunan mampan di Kota Kinabalu.
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